c. 1700-1725

Raja Sidh Sen of Mandi

Raja Sidh Sen, an ardent devotee of the god Shiva and the Great Goddess, ruled over the Himalayan hill state of Mandi from 1684 to 1724. A great warrior, he was famous for his proficiency in tantric (magical‑devotional) practices and credited with a host of supernatural powers, including the ability to fly. Numerous portraits of Sidh Sen are known. In this one he fills nearly the entire picture plane to emphasize his great size. The ruler’s connection to Shiva is denoted by the rudraksha beads and amulet around his neck. Simple gold bangles, a thumb ring, and pearl necklaces and earrings add a regal note to his ensemble.