c. 18th century
Manuscript Invoking the Protective Goddess Paldan Lhamo
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Mongolian-Buddhist books, like this hand-written example, frequently use a combination of the Tibetan and Sanskrit languages written in Tibetan dbU chen script. Here the size of the writing and the ink colors are intentionally varied to emphasize portions of the text that should be spoken louder or in unison, or to indicate when particular ritual actions accompany the recitation. The text of this manuscript invokes the goddess Paldan Lhamo.
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