Skip to Main Content

Due to required maintenance, some galleries and artwork may be off view. Learn more.

Closed today

Mid- 17th century

Original Patriarch Daruma Daishi

Mokuan Shōtō

Chinese, 1611 - 1684

Mokuan was the second patriarch of the Japanese Obaku Zen sect, which still has its headquarters at Mampuku-ji, a Chinese-style temple located at Uji, near Kyoto. He emigrated to Japan from Fukien, China in 1655. The following year he assisted the first patriarch, Ingen (1592 - 1673) in founding Mampuku-ji, and Mokuan became the second abbot in 1664.

The six characters inscribed on this hanging scroll translate to "the first patriarch Daruma." This is a reference to the founder of Zen Buddhism in India, whose name is pronounced "Daruma" in Japanese. Mokuan may have also meant this phrase to serve as an homage to Ingen (as the first patriarch of the Obaku sect in Japan).

Mokuan was renowned during his lifetime for his outstanding calligraphy, with its strong, thick brushstrokes and subtle gradations of ink. As in this one line calligraphy, the even spacing and rounded characters have a powerful yet elegant effect, balanced by the wiry, angular signature at the left.

This record is part of an ongoing effort to share accurate and evolving information. If you notice anything we should improve, we welcome your feedback at [email protected]

Images on this site are shared for educational use. For image rights, permissions, or to learn more about image rights and access, email [email protected]

Mokuan Shōtō, Original Patriarch Daruma Daishi, Mid- 17th century | Philadelphia Museum of Art